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A proxy is also known as a proxy server software acts as an intermediary between the server and user on the internet. Without the proxy, a user could make a request a service directly from a server and the server could serve the requested resource directly back to the user. This is a simple method to understand and implement but adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security, and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the mix of hardware for servers and proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are generally defined as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present the full description of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the identical terminology.




This article will provide you with information about what proxy services and subtypes are, and how they work in a variety of configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able identify situations in which using proxy services is beneficial, and choose the most appropriate solution between forward and reverse proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy acts as a representative for a user who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server that made it. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests by the user is instead sent through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting as a substitute for the client, will look at the request. It will then determine if this client has the right to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny any request or send it to the server that originated it. The client has no direct connection to the internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy allows the client to connect.




A common use of forward proxy is to provide greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet on behalf of a client and by doing this it may make use of a different IP address than the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured, based on the way it's configured forward proxy can offer you a variety of features based on the configuration and enables you to:




Do not be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Be aware of restrictions based on the location.




Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems that are centralized and also for access based on permissions for instance, such as at work. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy the administrator is able to permit only a few clients access to the internet through the common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer which can comprise a variety of devices that operate in various environments and users. A firewall may be placed in the intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies need to be manually set up to use while reverse proxies will not be detected by the user. Depending on the type the IP address of the user, they are transferred to the server that is originally via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. We have an article on the best way to build a Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suitable for applications such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. The web server may include a server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can be an application-server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will come via the internet at large. Most of the time your request is sent directly to a web server with the information the user seeks. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and isolates this webserver from direct communication with the open internet.




From the perspective of a user the experience of using a reverse proxy is no different from communicating with an internet server direct. It's essentially the same but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client asks for the resource, and is then provided with it, without any further configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy servers provide this service only to the layer of the webserver and not clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer, that could include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority in firewall protection is targeted to the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate solely on serving the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy can also handle the direction of which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be running from the same host, each providing different kinds of resources, or a mix of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a particular servers based on the services you request, or to a set of rules for the traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit by their position on top of web servers as they offer caching capabilities. Massive static files can be created using caching rules to prevent needing to connect with web servers each time you request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver at all. In addition reverse proxy solutions are able to handle compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy service. While Apache is also an alternative to reverse proxy, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions, but it's a separate feature available to Apache as opposed to Nginx was originally designed to and is focused upon the feature of reverse proxy.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since the two types of proxies deal with both requests and replies. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to consider the needs of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool when building a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server during any interaction on the web.




Forward proxy can be helpful when they are displayed before users for personal use, or in a workplace setting. They are a representation of the traffic of your client every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of using only common naming conventions can make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy with the two major types, which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a look at beneficial features was utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're keen to learn more about the benefits of proxies, you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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